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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Listen to a part of a lecture from a history class.
请听历史课上的部分内容。
2 .The professor is talking about the Industrial Revolution.
教授正在讲关于工业革命的内容。
第2段
1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:-> Back in the eighteenth century, in a time known as the Industrial Revolution,
在18世纪，一个被称为工业革命的时期，
2 .some countries... well, England in particular... started using new technology,
一些国家，尤其是英国开始使用新技术，
3 .like steam-powered machines, to produce goods.
比如蒸汽机来生产商品。
4 .And the use of these machines brought about some significant changes.
这些机器的运用带来了一些重要的变化。
5 .Let's go over two main changes that occurred.
我们回顾一下发生的两个主要变化。
第3段
1 .One change was that the center of production moved from homes to factories.
第一个变化是生产中心从家庭转移到了工厂。
2 .Um, let's take fabric'er, cloth as an example.
就以织物，或者布料为例吧。
3 .Historically, for a very long time, people had made cloth by hand in their homes, earning a little money from their home-based cloth production.
在历史上很长一段时间，人们都是在家里用双手来生产布料，
4 .But then these new steam-powered machines for weaving cloth were invented
但是接着这些新的用于织布的蒸汽机就发明出来了
5 .and placed into factories, and these machines could weave cloth
并进入了工厂，这些机器能够
6 .much more quickly and efficiently.
更快更高效地织布。
7 .So there wasn't any reason to keep making cloth slowly, in homes, when it could be made faster on factory machines.
所以既然在工厂通过机器能够更快地织布，就没有必要继续在家庭作坊里慢吞吞地织布了。
8 .Thus the majority of cloth production shifted from home-based businesses
于是大部分布料生产就从家庭作坊
9 .to factory production.
转向了工厂。
第4段
1 .Another result of the new technology is that cities
这项新技术的另一个结果就是城市
2 .started forming around factories.
开始在工厂周围形成，
3 .Like, let's say there was a cloth factory that was built in a certain small village.
假设有一家布料工厂建在某个小村庄里。
4 .Now, of course the factory needed workers to operate the machines used in cloth production.
那么，这家工厂当然需要工人来操作这些用于布料生产的机器。
5 .So the factory would hire a lot of rural workers,
工厂会雇佣很多农村工人，
6 .who would then move from the countryside to the village.
这些工人接着就会从乡下搬到这个小村庄来。
7 .So instead of being spread out all over the countryside, the workers started to congregate in the village with the factory.
这些工人没有四处散居在乡下，而是开始聚集在建有工厂的这个村庄。
8 .As a result, the village got bigger and bigger and eventually grew into a city.
结果，这个村庄变得越来越大，最终变成了一座城市。