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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Quitting smoking is tough, so tough that only about 5 percent of smokers who try to quit in a given year actually succeed.

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Medications can double those odds, which still leaves a high failure rate.

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And a promising vaccine, meant to arouse an immune response to nicotine, could not beat a placebo in clinical trials.

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But researchers haven't given up on a vaccine yet.

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Instead of revving up the immune system, though, they've come up with a new idea:

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why not use an enzyme to break down nicotine, before it gives you a buzz?

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"For almost 50 years there's been reports of bacteria that can actually use nicotine to thrive on."

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Kim Janda, a chemist and immunologist at The Scripps Research Institute.

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"The bacteria uses nicotine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen."

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It does the trick with a nicotine-chomping enzyme.

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So Janda and his colleagues added the enzyme to mouse serum, doped with a cigarette's worth of nicotine.

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The enzyme was stable at human body temperature, and was able to cut the half-life of nicotine from a couple hours to less than 15 minutes, that is, it greatly accelerated nicotine's disappearance.

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The study is in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

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But Janda says the enzyme isn't ready for primetime yet.

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It's bacterial, so "you're going to get an immune response, immune surveillance from it."

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And right now, the other important half-life, that of the enzyme in serum, is only 3 days.

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So it won't stick around long enough to be an effective vaccine.

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"A month would be great, a week or two would also be reasonable."

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While the researchers work out the kinks, smokers will have to rely on the tried-and-true methods of quitting: counseling, medication or good old cold turkey.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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