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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?
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2 .Quitting smoking is tough, so tough that only about 5 percent of smokers who try to quit in a given year actually succeed.
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3 .Medications can double those odds, which still leaves a high failure rate.
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4 .And a promising vaccine, meant to arouse an immune response to nicotine, could not beat a placebo in clinical trials.
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5 .But researchers haven't given up on a vaccine yet.
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6 .Instead of revving up the immune system, though, they've come up with a new idea:
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7 .why not use an enzyme to break down nicotine, before it gives you a buzz?
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8 ."For almost 50 years there's been reports of bacteria that can actually use nicotine to thrive on."
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9 .Kim Janda, a chemist and immunologist at The Scripps Research Institute.
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10 ."The bacteria uses nicotine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen."
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11 .It does the trick with a nicotine-chomping enzyme.
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12 .So Janda and his colleagues added the enzyme to mouse serum, doped with a cigarette's worth of nicotine.
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13 .The enzyme was stable at human body temperature, and was able to cut the half-life of nicotine from a couple hours to less than 15 minutes, that is, it greatly accelerated nicotine's disappearance.
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14 .The study is in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
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15 .But Janda says the enzyme isn't ready for primetime yet.
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16 .It's bacterial, so "you're going to get an immune response, immune surveillance from it."
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17 .And right now, the other important half-life, that of the enzyme in serum, is only 3 days.
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18 .So it won't stick around long enough to be an effective vaccine.
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19 ."A month would be great, a week or two would also be reasonable."
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20 .While the researchers work out the kinks, smokers will have to rely on the tried-and-true methods of quitting: counseling, medication or good old cold turkey.
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21 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
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