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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Diana Kwon. Got a minute?

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Babies sometimes laugh and sometimes cry.

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It doesn't take a genius to decode the meaning of these sounds.

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But it isn't quite as straightforward to decipher the meaning, if any, of an infant's babbles.

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And humans a little older can make the same sounds regardless of how you actually feel,

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you're able to say "I'm hungry" whether you're ravenous or just gorged yourself.

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Scientists think that the ability to make the same sounds across a range of emotional states is critical to language development.

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They also believe it to be uniquely human, because in previous studies of animal communication, researchers only observed fixed vocalizations.

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For example, bonobo chimpanzee pant-laughs and threat barks are tied to a specific emotion or behavior.

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But the new study finds evidence that bonobos in the wild are also capable of flexible vocalizations.

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Bonobos have a specific call type, a "peep" that they use independent of emotional context.

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They peep while eating, travelling, grooming, resting, engaging in sexual activity, and even during shows of aggression.

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Because peeps, like a baby's babbles, don't convey meaningful information on their own, bonobos need to combine them with other calls and environmental context to supply meanings.

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Previously, researchers thought this type of complex, language-like comprehension was unique to humans.

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The study is in the journal PeerJ.

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Bonobos are our closest evolutionary relatives, so it's possible that the functional flexibility of human speech appeared in a common ancestor.

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This discovery adds to the growing pile of evidence that we're not quite as special as we've long believed,

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and that our furry cousins may be even closer to us than we thought.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Diana Kwon.

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