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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Diana Kwon. Got a minute?
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2 .Babies sometimes laugh and sometimes cry.
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3 .It doesn't take a genius to decode the meaning of these sounds.
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4 .But it isn't quite as straightforward to decipher the meaning, if any, of an infant's babbles.
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5 .And humans a little older can make the same sounds regardless of how you actually feel,
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6 .you're able to say "I'm hungry" whether you're ravenous or just gorged yourself.
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7 .Scientists think that the ability to make the same sounds across a range of emotional states is critical to language development.
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8 .They also believe it to be uniquely human, because in previous studies of animal communication, researchers only observed fixed vocalizations.
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9 .For example, bonobo chimpanzee pant-laughs and threat barks are tied to a specific emotion or behavior.
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10 .But the new study finds evidence that bonobos in the wild are also capable of flexible vocalizations.
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11 .Bonobos have a specific call type, a "peep" that they use independent of emotional context.
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12 .They peep while eating, travelling, grooming, resting, engaging in sexual activity, and even during shows of aggression.
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13 .Because peeps, like a baby's babbles, don't convey meaningful information on their own, bonobos need to combine them with other calls and environmental context to supply meanings.
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14 .Previously, researchers thought this type of complex, language-like comprehension was unique to humans.
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15 .The study is in the journal PeerJ.
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16 .Bonobos are our closest evolutionary relatives, so it's possible that the functional flexibility of human speech appeared in a common ancestor.
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17 .This discovery adds to the growing pile of evidence that we're not quite as special as we've long believed,
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18 .and that our furry cousins may be even closer to us than we thought.
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19 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Diana Kwon.
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