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Listen to part lecture in a film history class.

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Okay, last time we talked about something that rose to popularity in the United States in the late 1880s

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a form of entertainment known as vaudeville.

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We said that vaudeville shows were live variety shows with a jumbled mix of offerings from singing and dancing and dramatic scenes

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to comedy acts juggling and acrobatic routines

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and even trained animals.

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By the late 19th century, in both rural areas and cities,

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North Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status,

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had developed an appetite for entertainment and amusement.

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This was an era when traveling shows and circuses were crisscrossing the continent,

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and vaudeville especially was in high demand.

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Vaudeville would remain popular until the 1930s

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after which it was replaced by the new entertainment of choice, moving pictures.

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But the relationship between vaudeville and movies is not simply about competition or the replacement of the old by the new.

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From the very beginning, even when people weren\'t questioned what movies were,

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vaudeville was already promoting them by including them in its entertainment lineup.

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So movies became a standard vaudeville offering,

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and by touring along vaudeville\'s well established circuit,

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movies started reaching audiences in far flung areas of the country,

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Natalie. It\'s funny to think of movies as a rural activity way back then.

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Well, there\'s a misconception that urban centers, because of their association with progress and progressive ideas,

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were responsible for catapulting movies to unprecedented popularity.

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But the truth is that starting around the turn of the century, wherever there was entertainment, there were movies

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even up near the border between Alaska and Canada, almost at the Arctic Circle,

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people who\'d gone there in search of gold, who were coming together, far from any big cities to watch movies.

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Gorge: So did people think of movies as more than just a passing thing in those early days? It must have been hard to predict.

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Certainly, there were those who saw them as a passing fad and a pale substitute for actual live performances,

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but the vaudeville show directors and managers understood that the novelty of movies was sure to pull in the crowds.

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People were drawn to the new and unfamiliar.

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Not too long before that,

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electricity had been a hugely popular attraction in some of these very shows.

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You mean electricity, when it was first introduced, was presented as some kind of magic act, an amazing magic act,

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no wonder people came to see it.

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And later on, vaudeville started adding another technological novelty to the lineup

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movies. But in a way, the first movies were also a continuation of an old vaudeville tradition, pantomime.

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A pantomime, of course, is a story that actors convey without speaking.

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They just use actions and gestures and facial expressions

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and in the theater, pantomimes go back centuries.

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In fact, way before vaudeville.

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Natalie：yeah,

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I took a Shakespeare class,

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and I remember some short scenes like that

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with no dialog at all

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embedded in the play we were reading.

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Yes, sometimes it\'s commentary, sometimes for comic reasons,

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in vaudeville, pantomime be used to announce either intermission or the end of the show. Yeah

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adding on a short act with outspoken dialog

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or that allowed people to get up and leave their seats without bothering other viewers too much, because when a pantomime was happening on the stage,

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nobody would really mind if the room got a little noisy, right?

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But later, it became common to replace pantomimes with silent movies.

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Of course, all movies were silent back then,

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and also short

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and at first, their subject matter had more to do with novelty and special effects than with storytelling.

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For example, one of the earliest American films was a five-second-long film of a man sneezing.

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It was several years before filmmakers began experimenting with longer features

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and developed films potential for telling a good story

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and as movies got long enough to provide a whole evening\'s entertainment show business, people realized that it was easier

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and more economical

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to tour the countryside with a film projector and some reels of film, instead of a caravan of actors, acrobats and circus animals,

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the performance circuit was already in place,

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and the audiences were waiting.

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So in just a decade or two, movies went from filling a few minutes of a vaudeville show

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to becoming an immensely popular form of entertainment in their own right.

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