原文已被隐藏，你可用 快捷键 - 或点击 显示原文 按钮来查看原文
第1段
1 .Listen to part lecture in a film history class.
该句暂无译文！
2 .Okay, last time we talked about something that rose to popularity in the United States in the late 1880s
该句暂无译文！
3 .a form of entertainment known as vaudeville.
该句暂无译文！
4 .We said that vaudeville shows were live variety shows with a jumbled mix of offerings from singing and dancing and dramatic scenes
该句暂无译文！
5 .to comedy acts juggling and acrobatic routines
该句暂无译文！
6 .and even trained animals.
该句暂无译文！
7 .By the late 19th century, in both rural areas and cities,
该句暂无译文！
8 .North Americans, regardless of socioeconomic status,
该句暂无译文！
9 .had developed an appetite for entertainment and amusement.
该句暂无译文！
10 .This was an era when traveling shows and circuses were crisscrossing the continent,
该句暂无译文！
11 .and vaudeville especially was in high demand.
该句暂无译文！
12 .Vaudeville would remain popular until the 1930s
该句暂无译文！
13 .after which it was replaced by the new entertainment of choice, moving pictures.
该句暂无译文！
14 .But the relationship between vaudeville and movies is not simply about competition or the replacement of the old by the new.
该句暂无译文！
15 .From the very beginning, even when people weren\'t questioned what movies were,
该句暂无译文！
16 .vaudeville was already promoting them by including them in its entertainment lineup.
该句暂无译文！
17 .So movies became a standard vaudeville offering,
该句暂无译文！
18 .and by touring along vaudeville\'s well established circuit,
该句暂无译文！
19 .movies started reaching audiences in far flung areas of the country,
该句暂无译文！
20 .Natalie. It\'s funny to think of movies as a rural activity way back then.
该句暂无译文！
21 .Well, there\'s a misconception that urban centers, because of their association with progress and progressive ideas,
该句暂无译文！
22 .were responsible for catapulting movies to unprecedented popularity.
该句暂无译文！
23 .But the truth is that starting around the turn of the century, wherever there was entertainment, there were movies
该句暂无译文！
24 .even up near the border between Alaska and Canada, almost at the Arctic Circle,
该句暂无译文！
25 .people who\'d gone there in search of gold, who were coming together, far from any big cities to watch movies.
该句暂无译文！
26 .Gorge: So did people think of movies as more than just a passing thing in those early days? It must have been hard to predict.
该句暂无译文！
27 .Certainly, there were those who saw them as a passing fad and a pale substitute for actual live performances,
该句暂无译文！
28 .but the vaudeville show directors and managers understood that the novelty of movies was sure to pull in the crowds.
该句暂无译文！
29 .People were drawn to the new and unfamiliar.
该句暂无译文！
30 .Not too long before that,
该句暂无译文！
31 .electricity had been a hugely popular attraction in some of these very shows.
该句暂无译文！
32 .You mean electricity, when it was first introduced, was presented as some kind of magic act, an amazing magic act,
该句暂无译文！
33 .no wonder people came to see it.
该句暂无译文！
34 .And later on, vaudeville started adding another technological novelty to the lineup
该句暂无译文！
35 .movies. But in a way, the first movies were also a continuation of an old vaudeville tradition, pantomime.
该句暂无译文！
36 .A pantomime, of course, is a story that actors convey without speaking.
该句暂无译文！
37 .They just use actions and gestures and facial expressions
该句暂无译文！
38 .and in the theater, pantomimes go back centuries.
该句暂无译文！
39 .In fact, way before vaudeville.
该句暂无译文！
40 .Natalie：yeah,
该句暂无译文！
41 .I took a Shakespeare class,
该句暂无译文！
42 .and I remember some short scenes like that
该句暂无译文！
43 .with no dialog at all
该句暂无译文！
44 .embedded in the play we were reading.
该句暂无译文！
45 .Yes, sometimes it\'s commentary, sometimes for comic reasons,
该句暂无译文！
46 .in vaudeville, pantomime be used to announce either intermission or the end of the show. Yeah
该句暂无译文！
47 .adding on a short act with outspoken dialog
该句暂无译文！
48 .or that allowed people to get up and leave their seats without bothering other viewers too much, because when a pantomime was happening on the stage,
该句暂无译文！
49 .nobody would really mind if the room got a little noisy, right?
该句暂无译文！
50 .But later, it became common to replace pantomimes with silent movies.
该句暂无译文！
51 .Of course, all movies were silent back then,
该句暂无译文！
52 .and also short
该句暂无译文！
53 .and at first, their subject matter had more to do with novelty and special effects than with storytelling.
该句暂无译文！
54 .For example, one of the earliest American films was a five-second-long film of a man sneezing.
该句暂无译文！
55 .It was several years before filmmakers began experimenting with longer features
该句暂无译文！
56 .and developed films potential for telling a good story
该句暂无译文！
57 .and as movies got long enough to provide a whole evening\'s entertainment show business, people realized that it was easier
该句暂无译文！
58 .and more economical
该句暂无译文！
59 .to tour the countryside with a film projector and some reels of film, instead of a caravan of actors, acrobats and circus animals,
该句暂无译文！
60 .the performance circuit was already in place,
该句暂无译文！
61 .and the audiences were waiting.
该句暂无译文！
62 .So in just a decade or two, movies went from filling a few minutes of a vaudeville show
该句暂无译文！
63 .to becoming an immensely popular form of entertainment in their own right.
该句暂无译文！