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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Ah yes. The ol' fluoride rinse at the dentist.

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Not pleasant.

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But hey, good for your teeth, right?

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Well now materials scientists have been able to figure out why, by mapping the nanostructure of tooth enamel.

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If you zoom way in, tooth enamel looks almost like the weave of a basket.

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"Where each thread is made from thousands of nanowires."

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Derk Joester, of Northwestern University.

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And in between those crystalline nanowires, Joester and his colleagues discovered a sort of amorphous glue.

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And that's where the fluoride hangs out, helping to stave off an acid attack of the enamel, in other words, a cavity.

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But the researchers found something that works even better than fluoride: iron.

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And they found it in beaver teeth.

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"So Beavers don't get caries.

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Chewing through wood is a very good way to clean your teeth."

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But another reason, they say, is the iron-enriched glue in beaver enamel, which was even more acid-resistant than fluoride-treated enamel.

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The findings are in the journal Science.

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Of course iron-rich enamel comes with an unfortunate side effect: reddish-brown teeth.

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But Joester says future human dental treatments that employ iron might find a way around that.

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"We have the entire periodic table to play with minus a few things that are not too healthy.

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And so I'm sure we can come up with a way to do what the beaver does but do it better and do it in a way that still maintains a nice smile."

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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