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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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There's no question that catching norovirus, famous for turning some luxury cruises into horrors at sea, is a terrible ordeal.

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"I oftentimes say, you generally don't die but you feel like you want to die."

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Lee-Ann Jaykus, a food microbiologist at North Carolina State University.

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"Many people experience norovirus as what's called 'projectile vomiting,' which is literally, across the room."

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Epidemiological studies have suggested that such spirited spewing can aerosolize the virus, putting others at risk.

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But Jaykus says that mode of transmission has never been verified.

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"You know, in an ideal world you'd have somebody who had norovirus vomit, and then you probably would collect the aerosols that came out of that vomiting event."

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Sadly, or maybe thankfully, our world is not ideal.

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So instead, "we decided to build a simulated vomiting device."

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Yep, you heard right: "a simulated vomiting device."

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The device mimics the upper GI tract: an artificial stomach with a pressure pump, and a ball valve 'sphincter muscle,' leading up to the esophagus and throat.

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Vomit spews from a human-looking mask into a plexiglass box, where air can be sampled for aerosols.

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As for the vomit?

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"People don't like to give researchers their vomit to analyze."

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So they mixed up one saliva-like vomit solution, and another, custardy one using vanilla pudding.

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Then they doped both with a harmless virus, similar to norovirus in shape and structure.

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The researchers shot both vomits through the device, and took air samples.

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And indeed, in every test, they detected airborne viruses, albeit in small numbers:

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usually less than one hundredth of one percent of the bugs present in the original samples.

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But that's still significant, Jaykus says, because previous studies suggest that millions of viruses can be released in a single bout of vomiting.

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Which means "You come up with numbers like 50 to well over 10,000 virus particles getting into the air."

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That's a lot, she says, considering that just 20 particles could be enough to make some people sick.

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The study appears in the journal PLOS ONE.

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As for avoiding the aerosols—how about the ol' holding-your-breath trick when you're in the vicinity of vomit?

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"It's probably not very effective."

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Better, she says, assuming the victim's being cared for, is to get as far away as you can.

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As if you needed to be told.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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