原文已被隐藏，你可用 快捷键 - 或点击 显示原文 按钮来查看原文
第1段
1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
该句暂无译文！
2 .There's no question that catching norovirus, famous for turning some luxury cruises into horrors at sea, is a terrible ordeal.
该句暂无译文！
3 ."I oftentimes say, you generally don't die but you feel like you want to die."
该句暂无译文！
4 .Lee-Ann Jaykus, a food microbiologist at North Carolina State University.
该句暂无译文！
5 ."Many people experience norovirus as what's called 'projectile vomiting,' which is literally, across the room."
该句暂无译文！
6 .Epidemiological studies have suggested that such spirited spewing can aerosolize the virus, putting others at risk.
该句暂无译文！
7 .But Jaykus says that mode of transmission has never been verified.
该句暂无译文！
8 ."You know, in an ideal world you'd have somebody who had norovirus vomit, and then you probably would collect the aerosols that came out of that vomiting event."
该句暂无译文！
9 .Sadly, or maybe thankfully, our world is not ideal.
该句暂无译文！
10 .So instead, "we decided to build a simulated vomiting device."
该句暂无译文！
11 .Yep, you heard right: "a simulated vomiting device."
该句暂无译文！
12 .The device mimics the upper GI tract: an artificial stomach with a pressure pump, and a ball valve 'sphincter muscle,' leading up to the esophagus and throat.
该句暂无译文！
13 .Vomit spews from a human-looking mask into a plexiglass box, where air can be sampled for aerosols.
该句暂无译文！
14 .As for the vomit?
该句暂无译文！
15 ."People don't like to give researchers their vomit to analyze."
该句暂无译文！
16 .So they mixed up one saliva-like vomit solution, and another, custardy one using vanilla pudding.
该句暂无译文！
17 .Then they doped both with a harmless virus, similar to norovirus in shape and structure.
该句暂无译文！
18 .The researchers shot both vomits through the device, and took air samples.
该句暂无译文！
19 .And indeed, in every test, they detected airborne viruses, albeit in small numbers:
该句暂无译文！
20 .usually less than one hundredth of one percent of the bugs present in the original samples.
该句暂无译文！
21 .But that's still significant, Jaykus says, because previous studies suggest that millions of viruses can be released in a single bout of vomiting.
该句暂无译文！
22 .Which means "You come up with numbers like 50 to well over 10,000 virus particles getting into the air."
该句暂无译文！
23 .That's a lot, she says, considering that just 20 particles could be enough to make some people sick.
该句暂无译文！
24 .The study appears in the journal PLOS ONE.
该句暂无译文！
25 .As for avoiding the aerosols—how about the ol' holding-your-breath trick when you're in the vicinity of vomit?
该句暂无译文！
26 ."It's probably not very effective."
该句暂无译文！
27 .Better, she says, assuming the victim's being cared for, is to get as far away as you can.
该句暂无译文！
28 .As if you needed to be told.
该句暂无译文！
29 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
该句暂无译文！