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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Dina Fine Maron. Got a minute?

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The octopus is a master of disguise.

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It can change its appearance to blend in with its environment or to warn predators to back off.

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This talent is due to pigment cells called chromatophores in octopus skin.

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Muscle contraction expands the chromatophores and helps them change the skin color to match its surroundings.

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But first, the creature has to sense those surroundings.

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Not surprisingly, information about the colors in the environment comes in through the eyes.

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But new research reveals that, for one octopus species at least, the skin itself can sense light and react, with no input from the eyes or brain.

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Researchers from the University of California Santa Barbara worked with skin removed from the California two-spot octopus.

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Not only did the skin respond to bright light, but the scientists found that the skin possesses the same family of light-sensitive proteins, called opsins, typically found in its eyes,

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which implies that, in the course of evolutionary history, the same molecular mechanism that the eyes employ for light detection got co-opted for use in the skin.

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The study is in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

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Octopus integument was quickest to respond to blue light—which is the color best suited to travel far in water.

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Study author Todd Oakley said via email of the skin's capacity that "we hypothesize the light response has some role" in 'communication and camouflage."

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The exact nature of that role remains unclear.

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But this evidence for light-sensing skin brightens up our understanding of how octopuses so effortlessly go incognito.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Dina Fine Maron.

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