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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Dina Fine Maron. Got a minute?
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2 .The octopus is a master of disguise.
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3 .It can change its appearance to blend in with its environment or to warn predators to back off.
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4 .This talent is due to pigment cells called chromatophores in octopus skin.
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5 .Muscle contraction expands the chromatophores and helps them change the skin color to match its surroundings.
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6 .But first, the creature has to sense those surroundings.
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7 .Not surprisingly, information about the colors in the environment comes in through the eyes.
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8 .But new research reveals that, for one octopus species at least, the skin itself can sense light and react, with no input from the eyes or brain.
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9 .Researchers from the University of California Santa Barbara worked with skin removed from the California two-spot octopus.
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10 .Not only did the skin respond to bright light, but the scientists found that the skin possesses the same family of light-sensitive proteins, called opsins, typically found in its eyes,
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11 .which implies that, in the course of evolutionary history, the same molecular mechanism that the eyes employ for light detection got co-opted for use in the skin.
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12 .The study is in the Journal of Experimental Biology.
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13 .Octopus integument was quickest to respond to blue light—which is the color best suited to travel far in water.
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14 .Study author Todd Oakley said via email of the skin's capacity that "we hypothesize the light response has some role" in 'communication and camouflage."
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15 .The exact nature of that role remains unclear.
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16 .But this evidence for light-sensing skin brightens up our understanding of how octopuses so effortlessly go incognito.
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17 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Dina Fine Maron.
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