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第1段

1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.

听一段环境科学讲座节选。

第2段

1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:-> OK. So what are some of the most effective public policies when it comes to fighting environmental problems?

好的,关于解决环境问题,什么是最有效的公共政策呢?

第3段

1 .There’re a lot of different approaches but, and this is in my opinion,

有很多的解决办法,但我想说的是这个,

2 .too often we underestimate how much can be accomplished just by appealing to people’s sense of moral duty… to their civic duty…

我们通常会低估的是,通过触动人们的道德责任,触动人们的公民责任所能实现的效果...

3 .in other words, getting people to voluntarily stop polluting because…well just because it’s the right thing to do.

换句话说,仅仅通过提醒做正确的事情,就能动员人们自愿停止污染。

第4段

1 .These programs that try to get people to voluntarily stop doing things that hurt the environment are called moral suasion.

这些试图让人们自愿停止破坏环境行为的项目被称为道德规劝。

第5段

1 .Now obviously, this type of approach won’t be effective for all problems but it will solve some…for some environmental concerns, moral suasion has been very effective.

现在,明显的是,这类方法并非对所有问题有效,但解决一些问题......对于某些环境问题来说,道德规劝确实非常有效。

2 .The classic case is uh…well, Smokey the Bear.

一个经典的案例是...嗯嗯,熏熊。

第6段

1 .Now don’t laugh, when the Forest Service first came out with the Smokey the Bear campaign, it may have seemed a little “childish.”

不要笑,当森林管理部门首次推出熏熊项目的时候,它确实显得有些”幼稚“。

第7段

1 .You remember the character--the bear--dressed up like a forest ranger…

你记得,主角——熊——打扮成森林管理员的样子...

2 .saying things like, “Please don’t hurt my animal friends, or please don’t start forest fires”…well, it worked.

呼喊着类似“请不要伤害我的动物朋友,请不要放野火”...然而,这很有效。

第8段

1 .It worked because it made people more sensitive to these problems.

这个方法有效,是因为它让人们对问题更加敏感。

2 .This Smokey the Bear campaign--this kind of campaign in general--raises people’s awareness of the problem and appeals to their sense of moral duty…to do the right thing.

这个熏熊项目——还有类似的项目——提升了人们对问题的意识,唤醒了人们的道德责任...去做正确的事情。

第9段

1 .Another good example of this is recycling.

另外一个这方面的好例子是循环利用。

2 .In the early days of recycling, local communities promoted these voluntary efforts…they made people aware of the need to reduce the amount of garbage by recycling.

在循环利用的早起阶段,本地社区推广这些志愿者活动...它们让人意识到通过循环利用减少垃圾数量的必要性。

3 .They provided neighborhoods with containers to put their glass and newspapers in--instead of throwing ’em away.

它们为邻居提供盛放玻璃和报纸的容器——这样就不用把东西扔掉了。

第10段

1 .Some people started doing it and others followed.

一些人开始这样做,更多人开始跟进。

2 .Maybe people thought, “I have this recycling container, my neighbor’s doing it, I should do it too”.

或许人们在想“我有这个循环容器,我的邻居在做,所有我也应该做。”

第11段

1 .Nowadays of course, everyone recycles.

如今,自然而然地,每个人都在循环利用。

2 .The point is…in order to get people to really do it, to get high rates of compliance…the program heavily relied on moral suasion.

关键是...要想人真正做,要达到高的遵守率,该项目严重地依赖道德劝告。