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第1段
1 .This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science.
这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。
2 .I'm Emily Schwing.
我是埃米莉·施温。
第2段
1 .When you look at satellite images it's easy to pick out hurricanes, deserts, and the work of a certain semiaquatic rodent:
你在看卫星图片时，很容易辨别出飓风、沙漠以及某种半水生啮齿动物的杰作：
第3段
1 ."And the reason you can see beaver activity from space is because they leave a mark on the landscape."
“你能从太空看到海狸活动的原因是，它们在地球景观上留下了印记。”
第4段
1 .Ken Tape is an Arctic Ecologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学的北极生态学家肯·泰普说道。
第5段
1 ."So they make these ponds, and when a pond forms my idea was that we could infer, if it was a certain kind of pond and we could see a beaver dam, then we could infer that beavers had moved into that area, or moved out of that area if it's a beaver pond that's drained."
“海狸建造了这些池塘，当一个池塘形成时，我们可以进行推断，如果那是某种类型的池塘，而且我们还能看到海狸水坝，那我们就可以推断出，海狸迁入了这一区域，如果海狸池塘干涸了，那就说明海狸已经离开了那个区域。”
第6段
1 .Tape and a team of other scientists used Landsat satellite images that cover more than 19,000 square kilometers of Arctic tundra in Alaska.
泰普和一个科学家团队使用了地球资源卫星图片，这些图片拍摄了阿拉斯加北极冻原超过1.9万平方公里的地区。
第7段
1 ."We saw lots of new beaver ponds, I think we saw 56 new beaver ponds formed between 1999 and 2014."
“我们看到了很多新的海狸池塘，我认为有56个新海狸池塘形成于1999年至2004年间。”
第8段
1 .Beavers are considered keystone species, which have an outsized effect on their ecosystem.
海狸被认为是关键种，对所处生态系统有重大影响。
2 ."And I think it's particularly true in the Arctic because it's underlain by all this frozen ground."
“我认为海狸对北极地区的影响尤为重要，因为北极地下全是这种冻土。”
3 .He's talking about permafrost.
泰恩指的是永久冻土。
第9段
1 ."And what happens is when you start flooding permafrost areas, permafrost starts to deteriorate.
“永久冻土区被水淹没后会开始解冻。
2 .And really the glue that's binding the soil together, that's holding the landscape together starts to thaw."
也就是说，粘合土壤、连接地形的胶开始溶解。”
第10段
1 .Tape and colleagues presented their findings December 11th at the annual conference of the American Geophysical Union.
在12月11日举行的美国地球物理学会会议上，泰普和同事展示了他们的研究结果。
2 .He says the implications of beavers' northward expansion are big.
泰普表示，海狸向北扩张有重大影响。
第11段
1 ."Imagine that you just dropped 56 groundwater springs into Arctic stream environments.
“想象一下，在北极河流环境中放入56个潜水泉。
2 .A groundwater spring in the Arctic is a rare thing in the Arctic and it's an oasis of biologic activity for fish spawning and things like that."
潜水泉在北极很罕见，它是鱼类产卵等生物活动的乐土。”
第12段
1 .Beavers may be following the northward expansion of vegetation onto the tundra.
海狸可能是在追随冻原植被向北扩展的脚步。
2 ."But the other possible driver is rebound from heavy trapping a century ago."
“而另一种可能的驱动因素是100年前人们大肆捕捉海狸的反作用。”
第13段
1 .If they contribute to the deterioration of the permafrost, you could call it coming back with a vengeance.
如果海狸使永久冻土解冻，那可以说它们回来复仇了。
第14段
1 .Thanks for listening the Scientific American — 60-Second Science.
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。
2 .I'm Emily Schwing
我是埃米莉·施温。