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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This'll just take a minute.
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2 .Tis the season for infections.
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3 .And if you wind up with a prescription for penicillin or its relatives, you're getting a gift that'll give those unwelcome bacteria a double whammy.
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4 .Because a new study shows that the penicillins wipe out infections by delivering a lethal one¨Ctwo punch.
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5 .The findings are revealed in the journal Cell.
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6 .Scientists have long known that penicillin and its relatives disrupt the assembly of the bacterial cell wall, a tightly woven mesh made of peptide-studded sugars called peptidoglycans.
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7 .The drugs bind to enzymes that produce peptidoglycans and then link them together.
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8 .That interaction shuts down the enzymes' cross-linking capabilities.
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9 .Without the cross-links, the cell wall collapses.
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10 .And the bursting bacteria die.
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11 .But the full effect of the antibiotic, in widespread use since World War II, was not appreciated til now.
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12 .In the new study researchers treated bacteria with a form of penicillin and then watched what happened to the cell wall components.
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13 .As expected, the drug blocked cross-link formation.
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14 .But the surprise was that the enzyme that can no longer forge links doesn't just sit there.
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15 .It continues to churn out unlinked peptidoglycans which the bacteria don't want piling up, so they rapidly degrade.
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16 .This futile cycle of synthesis and destruction depletes bacterial resources, speeding the path to.
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17 .The finding could point the way toward the development of new antibiotics,
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18 .ones that are similarly multitalented when it comes to wiping out what ails you.
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19 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.
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