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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
请听心理学课上的部分内容。
第2段
1 .<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:-> When people are in difficult situations, sometimes they experience feelings of helplessness, or psychological pain.
当人们遇到困境的时候，他们有时会经历情感上的无助，或者心理上的痛苦。
2 .So, what do they do?
那他们会做什么呢？
3 .They unconsciously use strategies called defense mechanisms,
他们会无意识地使用一种叫做“防御机制”的策略，
4 .to protect themselves psychologically from their painful emotions.
来从心理上保护他们自己不受痛苦情绪的影响。
第3段
1 .Let's say a woman has a pet dog.
我们假设一位女士养了一条宠物狗。
2 .She's had this dog for a long time,
她养这条狗已经很长时间了，
3 .and he's kept her company and guarded her for years...
而这条狗也陪着她并保护了她很多年。
4 .but one day he runs away.
但是有一天，它跑走了。
5 .This woman looks everywhere, and asks other people if they've seen her dog...
这位女士到处找它并四处打听有没有人见过她的狗。
6 .but she just can't find him.
但是她怎么都找不到它。
7 .Now, she feels helpless and sad because she misses her dog.
她觉得无助又伤心，因为她很想念她的狗。
8 .So, she'll unconsciously find ways to deal with her painful feelings.
所以她会无意识地找到能够解决她的痛苦的方法。
第4段
1 .One defense mechanism she might use is fantasy.
她也许会使用的一种防御机制就是幻想。
2 .With fantasy, the woman uses her imagination.
幻想就是这位女士会发动她的想象。
3 .So instead of just feeling helpless and sad about her lost dog,
为了不再为她走失的狗感到无助和伤心，
4 .she invents a happy story in her mind.
她在脑海中编造了一个幸福的故事。
5 .She might imagine that a nice family found him and feeds him,
她也许会想象有一个很好的家庭发现了它并且把它收养了，
6 .and that he's really happy with them.
它跟他们在一起过得很幸福。
7 .She'll picture the dog playing, running around... having fun.
她会想象出这条狗玩耍、四处跑动、开开心心的画面。
8 .Because of this fantasy,
由于这个幻想，
9 .she doesn't have to feel sad about her dog running away.
她不再对她的狗跑走的事情感到难过。
10 .It's a fantasy...
这是个幻想，
11 .it's not real, but it keeps her pain away.
并不真实，但却驱散了她的痛苦。
第5段
1 .Another defense mechanism she might use,
她可能会使用的另一个防御机制
2 .is [slowly] what we call sublimation.
被我们称为升华。
3 .Sublimation is different from fantasy, because
升华和幻想是不一样的，因为
4 .sublimation isn't about pretending...
升华并不涉及假装。
5 .it's about turning negative emotions into something useful.
它是关于把负面情绪转化成一些有用的，实际的东西。
6 .Practical. So, the woman might start a dog training school.
那么，这位女士也许会开办一所狗狗训练学校。
7 .That way, by training dogs,
通过训练狗狗，
8 .perhaps she can help prevent other people's dogs from running away, like hers did.
也许她就能帮助防止其他人的狗像她的一样走失。
9 .In other words, with sublimation as a defense mechanism,
换句话说，通过将升华作为一种防御机制，
10 .the woman redirects her negative feelings about losing her dog into a positive, constructive activity.
这位女士把她关于遗失狗狗的负面情绪转向了一种积极的、有意义的活动。