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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute?
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2 .Telomeres are parts of chromosomes that protect the ends of the chromosomes.
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3 .They're often likened to the aglets at the ends of shoelaces.
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4 .And like aglets eventually crack, telomeres tend to get shorter over time, with each division of the cell.
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5 .But they can be topped off again by an enzyme called telomerase reverse transcriptase.
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6 .Various age-related diseases are associated with shortened telomeres.
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7 .Elizabeth Blackburn won a Nobel Prize for her discoveries about telomeres and the telomerase enzyme.
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8 .She recently did a Google Hangout with Scientific American editor-in-chief Mariette DiChristina, which included taking questions from attendees via social media:
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9 ."Can telomeres actually grow longer in response to exercise?"
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10 ."Well, we don't know if telomeres actually grow with exercise.
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11 .But what is known, I'll give you a great example of a study. We didn't do it.
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12 .Twins.So they looked at twins.
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13 .This is a big study.
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14 .And they said, of the twins who've actually done exercise, the one who did exercise and the one who didn't,
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15 .so you'd be able to find a lot of twins it turns out, in that situation.
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16 .And they said, who's got the longer telomeres.
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17 .And it was the twin who did some exercise.
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18 .The one who didn't had shorter telomeres.
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19 .And yet their genes are the same.
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20 .So you see, that tells you something quite nice.
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21 ."And of course, well, you say, was it really the exercise, or was it something else that was different between the twins.
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22 .And that's where epidemiology studies have to be done so carefully.
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23 .But over and over again, we keep finding that same result, that the exercise is associated with a person who will have less telomere shortening.
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24 .And so it looks like now it really is the exercise that's somehow keeping the shortening process from being too fast."
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25 .The entire 27-minute Google Hangout with Mariette DiChristina and Nobel Laureate Elizabeth Blackburn is on our website.
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26 .Just google Hangout and Elizabeth Blackburn.
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27 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.
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