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考满分TOEFL: 小黑人

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第1段

1 .<-NARRATOR:->Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.

旁白:请听一段文学课上的演讲。

第2段

1 .<-MALE PROFESSOR:->Alright, so let me close today's class with some thoughts to keep in mind while you're doing tonight's assignment.

教授:好的,那么趁着你们做今晚的作业,让我再强调一下一些需要你们记住的思考问题,以此结束今天的课程。

2 .You'll be reading one of Ralph Waldo Emerson's best-known essays, Self-Reliance, and comparing it with his poems and other works.

你们会读到拉尔夫沃尔多艾默生最为著名的论述文《自立》并将其与他的诗歌和其他著作进行比较。

3 .I think this essay has the potential to be quite meaningful for all of you—as young people who probably wonder about things like truth, and where your lives are going … all sorts of profound questions.

我想这篇论述文对你们来说很有意义,作为年轻人你们很可能想知道什么是真理以及你们的生活方向,所有各种深奥的话题。

第3段

1 .Knowing something about Emerson's philosophies will help you when you read Self-Reliance. And basically, one of the main beliefs that he had, was about truth.

懂一些艾默生的哲学原理有助于你们读懂《自立》。基本上说,他的主要信条就是关于真理。

2 .Not that it's something that we can be taught... Emerson says it's found within ourselves.

真理不是我们可以教就学到的,艾默生说真理存在于我们自身。

第4段

1 .So this truth... the idea that it's in each one of us... is one of the first points that you'll see Emerson making in this essay.

所有,真理,这种我们每个人都有的想法,就是你们要读懂艾默生论文的第一点。

2 .It's a bit abstract, but he's very into, ah, into each person believing his or her own thought.

这有点抽象,但是他就在,啊,就在每个人的身边,那些相信自己想法的人身上。

3 .Believing in yourself, the thought or conviction that's true for you.

相信自己,自己觉得是真理的想法和信念。

第5段

1 .But actually, he ties that in with a sort of universal truth, something that everyone knows but doesn't realize they know.

而事实上,艾默生把自己的想法与一种“普遍真理”联系起来,一种每个人都知道,但是他们不清楚自己知道的东西。

2 .Most of us aren't in touch with ourselves, in a way, so we just aren't capable of recognizing profound truths.

我们很多人不能够以某种方式认识到自己,所以我们不能够领悟到深刻的真理。

3 .It takes geniuses... people like, say, Shakespeare, who are unique because when they have a glimpse of this truth—this universal truth—they pay attention to it and express it, and don’t just dismiss it like most people do.

这种真理需要天才,比如像莎士比亚这样的人,他们独一无二,因为当他们捕捉到真理,这种普遍真理的时候,他们会有所注意,将其表达出来,而不像我们中的很多人一样,忽视其存在。

第6段

1 .So, Emerson is really into each individual believing in, and trusting, him or herself.

所以艾默生对那些相信并信任自己的人很感兴趣。

2 .You'll see that he writes about... well, first, conformity.

你们会看到他写的内容是关于,呃,首先,一致性。

3 .He criticizes the people of his time, for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for the sake of conformity and consistency.

他批判跟他同时代的人,那些为了一致性和一贯性而抛弃了自己的想法和愿望人们。

4 .They try to fit in with the rest of the world, even though it's at odds with their beliefs and their identities.

尽管他们的行为与自己的信念和身份不一致,他们还是试着融入到其他人的世界中去。

5 .Therefore, it's best to be a nonconformist—to do your own thing, not worrying about what other people think.

因此,最好的方法就是不尊奉习俗,要我行我素,不用介意其他人如何看待自己。

6 .That's an important point—he really drives this argument home throughout the essay.

这点是非常重要的,艾默生确实通过自己的文章阐明了这一点。

第7段

1 .When you're reading I want you to think about that, and why that kind of thought would be relevant to the readers of his time.

当你们读这篇文章的时候,我要你们思考这一点,以及这种想法为什么会和他同时代的读者相关。

2 .Remember, this is 1838. Self-reliance was a novel idea at the time, and United States citizens were less secure about themselves as individuals and as Americans.

记住,在1838 年。“自立”是一种新颖的想法,而美国公民作为拥有美国国籍的个体不是很认同自我。

3 .The country as a whole was trying to define itself.

整个国家都在试图定义自我。

第8段

1 .Emerson wanted to give people something to really think about. Help them find their own way and ah, what it meant to be who they were.

艾默生想给人们提供可以付之思忖的东西。帮他们找到自己的处世途径和自我认识。

第9段

1 .So, that's something that I think is definitely as relevant today as it was then... probably, uh... especially among young adults like yourselves.

这一点就是我所认为的以前跟现在都通用的相关性,嗯,也许,特别是像你们这样的成年人中。

2 .You know, uh, college being a time to sort of really think about who you are and where you're going.

你知道的,大学的时候,你们就必须考虑自己的定位和发展方向。

第10段

1 .Now, we already said that Emerson really emphasized nonconformity, right?

现在,我们已经说到了艾默生确实把重点放在了不尊奉习俗上,对吧。

2 .As a way to sort of not lose your own self and identity in the world? To have your own truth and not be afraid to listen to it?

作为一种不失去自我和在这个世界上的定位的方式。认识到自己的真我,不要害怕去倾听灵魂的呼唤。

3 .Well, he takes it a step further.

艾默生更进一步阐释了这点。

4 .Not conforming also means, ah, not conforming with yourself, or your past. [rhetorically] What does that mean?

不尊奉习俗,呃,意味着不屈服于你自己和你的过去。什么意思呢?

5 .Well, if you've always been a certain way, or done a certain thing, but it's not working for you anymore, or you're not content—Emerson says that it'd be foolish to be consistent even with our own past.

嗯,如果你一直遵循某一种方式或做某一件事情,但这种方式不再适合你亦或你不满足于自己。艾默生说即便我们对过去保持始终如一也是愚蠢的行为。

6 .Focus on the future, he says: that's what matters more. Inconsistency is good!

他说:“把目光投向未来,这才是重要的。不要始终如一是件好事。

7 .He talks about a ship's voyage—and this is one of the most famous bits of the essay—how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines.

他讲到关于一艘航行的船的例子,这是该篇文章中最为人知的部分。最成功的航行都有曲折的航线。

8 .Up close, it seems a little all over the place, but from farther away the true path shows, and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way.

在开始一段航行后,曲折似乎到处都是,但是在到更远的地方去后,真正的路线便会显现出来,最后所有沿路的迂回曲折都会被证明是值得的。

第11段

1 .So, don't worry if you’re not sure where you're headed or what your long term goals are—stay true to yourself and it'll make sense in the end.

所以,如果你不知道自己方向或长期目标,千万别担心。保持真我,最终一切都会是值得的。

2 .I mean, I can attest to that. Before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant. Before that, I was a newspaper reporter.

我想这点我可以证明。在我还不是文学教授的时候,我当过会计。在那之前,我是一名报社记者。

3 .My life has taken some pretty interesting turns, and here I am, very happy with my experiences and where they've brought me.

我的生活经历了几次有趣的转变,现在我是文学教授。我对很喜欢自己的经历,它们造就了现在的我。

4 .If you rely on yourself and trust your own talents, your own interests, don't worry. Your path will make sense in the end.

如果你们依靠自己,相信自己有天赋,你自己的兴趣所在,那么别担心。最终你的道路会变得清晰。