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第1段
1 .<-NARRATOR:-> Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
现在请听心理学课上关于这个话题的部分内容。
第2段
1 .<-MALE PROFESSOR:-> For example, I recently read about a case in which a researcher was given two groups of monkeys...
举个例子，我最近读到了一个案例，在这个案例中，有人给了研究员两群猴子，
2 .And he was asked to train these monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box...
让他训练这些猴子把球捡起来并放到箱子里去，
3 .And he was told to record how many hours it took to train each monkey to learn to do this.
研究员被要求记录下来，他训练每只猴子做到这些所花的时间。
第3段
1 .Now, before he started the training,
在开始这项训练之前，
2 .the researcher was told that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent...
研究员被告知其中一群猴子智商很高，
3 .and that the other group was less intelligent.
而另一群猴子则智商较低。
4 .In truth, there was no difference between them;
但是事实上，这两群猴子并没有什么区别。
5 .all the monkeys were actually very similar in terms of intelligence.
所有猴子的智商水平实际上都十分相近。
6 .But the researcher didn't know that.
可是研究员并不知情。
7 .He thought one group was smarter,
他以为其中一群猴子比较聪明，
8 .so he expected that group would be easier to train.
所以他预想的是，那群聪明的猴子会学得比较快。
第4段
1 .So what happened?
那么，情况如何呢？
2 .Well, the researcher trained the monkeys to perform the action,
研究员教会了这些猴子做那些事情，
3 .and it turned out that, on average,
而且结果显示，
4 .it took him two hours less time to train the supposedly smart monkeys
他教会这群按理来说聪明些的猴子所花的时间，
5 .than the supposedly less-intelligent monkeys.
平均比教会那群所谓智商较低的猴子所花的时间要少两个小时。
第5段
1 .Why? Well, it turns out that, with the supposedly smart monkeys,
为什么呢？原来对这群他以为要聪明些的猴子
2 .the researcher smiled at them a lot,
研究员笑得多些，
3 .gave them a lot of encouragement, talked to them a lot, worked hard to communicate with them...
给了它们很多鼓励，经常对它们讲话，并且很努力地跟它们进行沟通。
4 .But with the monkeys he thought were less intelligent,
但是对那群他以为智商较低的猴子，
5 .he wasn't as enthusiastic, he didn't try quite as hard,
就没有那么热情了，训练的时候也没有很上心，
6 .wasn't quite as optimistic...
对它们也没有多么积极。