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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. This'll just take a minute.
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2 .Ordinarily, you'd call a pistachio a pistachio.
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3 .But if you're, for example, an immigrant from China and you've just seen a Ming vase, you might call a pistachio a "happy nut".
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4 .Because visual cues can affect language in people with multiple cultural experiences.
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5 .That's according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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6 .Researchers performed various tests with students who had come to the U.S.from China.
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7 .In one, the students heard a recorded conversation, in English, about campus life.
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8 .But some looked at a Chinese face while they listened, while others saw a Caucasian face.
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9 .The students then spoke about their own lives.
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10 .And the Chinese-American students who had listened while looking at a Chinese face spoke English more slowly and less fluently than those who listened while looking at the Caucasian face.
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11 .In another test, when the students were exposed to Chinese icons, they were more likely to translate from Chinese into English literally.
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12 .Thus pistachios became "happy nuts," which is the name in China.
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13 .This phenomenon demonstrates that immigrants struggling with a new language can face unusual and unanticipated challenges.
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14 .And that what you see can affect what you say.
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15 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
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