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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
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2 .In 1982 the ground beneath the Italian port town of Pozzuoli, near Naples, began to swell.
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3 .In the next two years, the town rose more than six feet.
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4 .Rocks underground cracked under the strain, sparking tiny earthquakes.
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5 .And some 40,000 residents were forced to evacuate.
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6 .Tiziana Vanorio was one of them.
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7 ."We were scared, not because of the earthquakes but because of the fear that an eruption was about to come."
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8 .But that eruption never came.
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9 .And Vanorio, who's now a geophysicist at Stanford University, wanted to find out how the rock endured the strain.
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10 .So she and a postdoctoral student obtained rock cores from the Campi Flegrei Caldera, the volcanic area underlying Pozzuoli, taken just before the swelling in 1982.
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11 .They discovered a layer of what's called caprock, almost like a lid, that sealed off the caldera below.
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12 .And the caprock's microstructure was an intricate network of mineral fibers, the key, she says, to its strength, and ability to flex under pressure.
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13 .The findings are in the journal Science.
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14 .And that fibrous rock structure?
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15 .Vanorio says it looked familiar, very similar to the famous ancient Roman concrete, used to build aqueducts and the Colosseum.
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16 .And, similarly to concrete production, the caprock probably formed when lime-rich geothermal fluids percolated upward, mixing with the volcanic ash.
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17 .It's probably no accident the Romans ended up with that same chemical recipe.
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18 ."They were keen observers, they knew very well that the volcanic ash from that region was very special.
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19 .And they also shipped the volcanic ash throughout the Mediterranean."
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20 .And now that we're discovering these secrets, she says, we might do as the Romans, and emulate nature once again, to pave the way toward more durable, self-healing concrete.
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21 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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