Ammonite Fossil
Ammonites, a group of marine invertebrates with shells that lived throughout Earth's oceans for several hundred million years, became extinct 65 million years ago. It is known that main cause of their extinction was a giant meteorite that hit Earth. However, the exact details of how the extinction occurred are debated. Several theories about what contributed to the ammonite extinction have been proposed.
Acid Rain
Some scientists suggest that the rain that fell on Earth after the meteorite impact was extremely acidic. Newly hatched the meteorite impact was extremely acidic. Newly hatched ammonite young floated on the ocean's surface and would have been directly exposed to this acid rain, which can break down living tissue. As a result, ammonite young would have been killed off, preventing new generations from being born.
Zooplankton Die-Off
Some recently discovered ammonite fossils reveal that these individuals had jaws designed specifically for catching and eating zooplankton (small sea animals), suggesting that zooplankton was an important food source for the ammonites as a group. The meteorite impact caused a drastic temporary cooling of ocean waters, which would have killed much of the zooplankton. Some scientists propose that as a result of the zooplankton die-off, ammonites lost their main food source and became extract.
Lack of Oxygen
Third, one of the effects of the meteorite impact was a decrease in the photosynthetic activity of small marine plants. Through photosynthesis, marine plants supply seawater with oxygen; when photosynthesis was reduced, seawater became deprived of oxygen, which may have caused the ammonites to suffocate and die.
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