Scientists have long known that scorpions glow blue-green when ultraviolet (UV) light shines on them. However, experts are unsure of what purpose this fluorescence (glow) might serve. Several ideas have been proposed.
One hypothesis is that the scorpion's glow evolved for protection. According to this idea, the glow is a response to harmful UV radiation contained in sunlight. An animal's outer shell absorbs the UV radiation and then reflects it away, protecting the inside of the animal's body from the radiation. The reflection creates the glow. While scorpions today are active at night and do not need UV protection, ancestors of modern scorpions were active during the day and needed such protection. Modern-day scorpions may have inherited this ability from their ancestors, even though it is no longer useful to them.
Another idea is that scorpions use their glow to attract their prey. According to this theory, scorpions sit still, glowing slightly, and their prey-insects-are attracted to the glowing light and approach. Once they get close enough, the scorpion pounces on them with its strong claws and mouth. Even the low levels of UV light present in moonlight can cause scorpions to glow, and scorpions have been observed
lying in wait for prey, lending support to this theory.
Finally, scorpions may use fluorescence to help them distinguish among different scorpion species, based on variations in glow. Without any UV light, scorpions are often well camouflaged in their environments, and this can sometimes be an advantage. To reproduce, however, scorpions need to find members of their own species. Their glow may be a way for them not only to find other scorpions, but also to detect whether another individual is of the same scorpion species and thus a suitable mate.
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