RUB YOUR SKIN 挠皮肤, [I,T] to rub your skin with your nails because it feels uncomfortable

〔用指甲〕挠，搔，轻抓;

John yawned and scratched his leg.

约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠腿。

Try not to scratch.

尽量别挠。

He was scratching at the bites on his arm.

他在挠手臂上被叮咬的地方。

CUT SB'S SKIN 割破某人的皮肤, [I,T] to cut someone's skin slightly with your nails or with something sharp

〔用指甲或利器〕抓破，抓伤; 划破:

She ran at him and scratched his face.

她冲过去抓他的脸。

Don't scratch yourself on the thorns.

别让刺扎着自己。

MAKE A MARK 划出痕迹, [T] to make a small cut or mark on something by pulling something sharp across it

划出，刮出〔痕迹〕:

I'm afraid I've scratched your car.

不好意思，我把你的汽车刮坏了。

Some of the prisoners had scratched their names on the walls.

有些犯人在墙上刻下自己的姓名。

ANIMALS 动物, [I always + adv / prep] if an animal scratches, it rubs its feet against something, often making a noise

〔用爪子〕抓，刨:

A few chickens scratched around in the yard.

几只小鸡在院子里抓抓刨刨。

a dog scratching at the door to be let in

抓门想进屋的一条狗

REMOVE STH 除去某物, [T always + adv / prep] to remove something from a surface by rubbing it with something sharp

刮掉，划掉:

I scratched away a little of the paint with my fingernail.

我用指甲刮掉一点油漆。

REMOVE WRITING 划去字迹, [T always + adv / prep] to remove a word from a piece of writing by drawing a line through it

勾掉，划去〔写下的字〕:

I have scratched his name from the list.

我把他的名字从名单上划掉了。

MAKE A NOISE 发出声音, [I always + adv / prep] to make a rough sound by moving something sharp across a surface

〔用尖利物〕刮擦出声音:

His pen scratched away on the paper.

他的钢笔写在纸上刷刷地响。

scratch the surface, to deal with only a very small part of a subject or problem

仅触及问题的表面:

I think we have only scratched the surface of this problem.

我认为我们仅仅触及了这个问题的表面。

scratch your head, [informal] to think carefully about a difficult question or problem

动脑筋，〔对难题〕冥思苦想:

This crisis has politicians scratching their heads and wondering what to do.

这场危机让政客们挠头不已，不知怎么办才好。

STOP STH HAPPENING 阻止某事发生, [T] [informal] if you scratch an idea or a plan, you decide that you will not do it

取消，撤销〔想法或计划〕

REMOVE FROM RACE 退出比赛, [I,T] [informal] if someone scratches from a race, or if you scratch them from the race, they do not take part in it

（使）退出比赛

you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours, [spoken] used to say that you will help someone if they agree to help you

你帮我，我也帮你

CUT 划伤, [C] a small cut on someone's skin

〔某人皮肤上的〕划痕，划伤:

There were deep scratches all over her face.

她脸上全是很深的划痕。

Don't worry, it's only a scratch (=not a serious injury) .

别担心，只是一道划伤。

She was unharmed apart from a few cuts and scratches.

除了几处皮外伤外，她安然无恙。

MARK 划痕, [C] a thin mark or cut on the surface of something

刮痕，划痕:

There was a big scratch on the car door.

汽车车门上有一条很长的划痕。

from scratch, if you start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before

从零开始，从头开始; 白手起家:

We had to start again from scratch .

我们只好再次从零开始。

He had built the business up from scratch .

他白手起家创办了这家企业。

up to scratch, [BrE informal] good enough for a particular standard

够得上标准，达到应有的水平:

Some of this work isn't up to scratch.

这项工作有些没有达到标准。

We spent thousands of pounds getting the house up to scratch.

我们花了几千英镑把房子弄得像个样子了。

RUB 揉搓, [sing.] [especially BrE] when you rub part of your body with your nails because it feels uncomfortable

抓，挠:

He stretched and had a scratch .

他伸了个懒腰，抓了抓痒。

He brushed his hair and gave his scalp a good scratch .

他梳了一下头发，狠狠地抓了抓头皮。

SOUND 声音, [C] a sound made by something sharp or rough being rubbed on a hard surface

刮擦声:

I heard the scratch of a match lighting a cigarette.

我听到划火柴点香烟的声音。

a scratch team or group of people has been put together in a hurry, using anyone that is available

〔球队或一群人等〕仓促拼凑的，匆匆组成的

a scratch player in golf is very good and is not given any advantage in games

〔高尔夫球员〕无让杆的，无让步优待的