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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Not all solar energy capture devices make electricity directly.

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For example, steam generated from solar energy can turn turbines, which then produce electricity.

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And, in what could be especially useful in remote regions, solar steam can desalinate water and be used in sanitation and equipment sterilization.

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Now a new technique looks to be the most efficient way yet created to use solar energy to generate steam.

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To absorb sunlight, M.I.T.researchers created a porous disc of graphite flakes.

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Underneath the disk is a layer of insulating carbon foam that floats on water.

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The foam prevents heat from being lost to the water, and has a tangle of interconnected small pores.

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As sun heats the graphite, it creates a pressure difference that pulls water up through the foam pores, like a sponge.

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When the water hits the graphite hot spot, it turns into steam.

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The scientists report that this inexpensive system reaches 85 percent efficiency in converting the solar energy into steam.

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The study is in the journal Nature Communications.

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The researchers hope to up the efficiency further with different materials or an improved design.

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All of which could cause steampunk fans to update their wardrobes.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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