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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Allie Wilkinson. Got a minute?

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(Music)

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The color of Rudolph's nose has long been the talk of the town.

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But the color of his eyes may be more interesting.

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Because Arctic reindeers' eyes change color with the seasons, from gold in the summer to deep blue in the winter.

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Changes to a tissue layer in the eye called the tapetum lucidum are responsible for the color change,

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the purpose of which seems to be to change the sensitivity of the retina to different wavelengths of light.

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That's according to a study in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

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The shift in wavelength depends on the spacing of the collagen fibers in the tapetum lucidum.

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The smaller the spacing, the better the retina is at picking up light at shorter wavelengths, including into the near ultraviolet.

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By extending the reindeers' visual range, this unique adaptation allows them to see better in the continuous darkness of winter in the Arctic reindeers' habitat.

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Perhaps Rudolph with his nose so bright wasn't needed to guide Santa's sleigh after all.

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He could have used any reindeer with its eyes so blue.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Allie Wilkinson.

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