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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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The ingredient that makes hot chilies hot is called capsaicin-and it can set your mouth on fire.

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But the spicy compound has a soothing effect too: in your gut, it kicks off a chemical cascade that might calm the immune system and reduce inflammation.

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Researchers studied that phenomenon in mice.

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Once inside the gut, the capsaicin molecules plugged into a specific receptor, spurring the release of another compound, called anandamide.

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Anandamide happens to be an endocannabinoid-similar to active ingredients in marijuana-which binds to cannabinoid receptors in the gut.

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That last step in the cascade ramped up the production of cells that damp down inflammation in the mice-and even cured them of a mouse model of diabetes type 1, an autoimmune disease.

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If all this sounds a bit similar to the chemical messaging that happens in the brain... that's because it is.

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"The gut has a very large nervous system.

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It's almost as large as the brain itself.

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Pramod Srivastava, an immunologist at UConn Health and one of the study's leaders.

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"We don't quite fully understand what this huge amount of neurons are doing in the gut.

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We don't understand its language, and the molecules and mediators.

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And I think with this work we can at least claim to have found a couple of words in that language."

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The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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So to recap that chemical chain: chilies cause the production of endocannabinoids, which produce immune suppressant cells, which soothe inflammation.

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So, what if you cut out the chili initiator, and just eat cannabinoids-pot brownies, stuff like that?

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"Obviously we are very interested in people who use edible cannabinoids.

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I'm extremely curious if people with colitis or Crohn's disease, who are edible pot users, do they benefit from it?

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I have no idea.

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But it's something we can now find out because sizable numbers of people are consuming those edibles."

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Thanks for listening, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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