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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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Here's an innovation that just might have prevented the 2011 nuclear power plant explosions in Japan: safer fuel rods.

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Uranium fuel rods contain tiny pellets of specially prepared uranium encased in a sheath of zirconium alloy.

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This metal cladding doesn't corrode and prevents any radioactive bits from escaping.

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It all works fine when the temperature of the rods stays under control.

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But at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the rods were able to heat up well past design specs.

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And when zirconium gets hot in the presence of steam, it actually splits the water molecules, making hydrogen gas.

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If the hydrogen builds up and encounters a spark, boom.

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Now M.I.T.researchers have come up with a new cladding made out of silicon carbide.

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This material forms very hard ceramics that also find use in everything from car brakes to bulletproof vests.

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It remains to be seen how well the tough ceramic does when bombarded by neutrons at high pressures and temperatures.

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But initial results at temperatures up to 1500 degrees Celsius are promising.

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The research is in the journal Nuclear Technology.

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If adopted, the new cladding would drastically reduce the risk of hydrogen explosions at nuclear power plants.

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And that's the kind of new nuclear that's not controversial.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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