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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Dina Fine Maron. Got a minute?

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In labs, bacteria may swim freely.

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But out in the world, including our bodies, bacteria often exist packed together in dense communities called biofilms.

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And these configurations can help them cause illness.

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Finding clues about how such bacteria group together could therefore lead to better therapies to prevent infections and fight diseases.

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With that idea in mind, researchers looked at biofilm-assembling bacteria notorious for causing infections in the urinary tract and the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis.

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They scoured the genomes of different strains of the bacteria for genes that affect movement.

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And particular genetic mutations make the bacteria super-strong swimmers,

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that talent enables them to easily move away from each other, a phenomenon called hyperswarming.

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The mutations thus also make it harder for the bacteria to stick together into the biofilms associated with illness.

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The study is in the journal Cell Reports.

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A better understanding of how to keep bacteria apart could lead to techniques for stopping biofilm formation,

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which could translate into treatments for those diseases that depend on bacteria really getting stuck on each other.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Dina Fine Maron.

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