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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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Some questions to ponder on Earth Day: how much of an environmental problem is the growing human population?

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And is the problem too many people or the throwaway culture of too many things?

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A new paper in the journal Science attempts to assess the burdens placed on people and the planet by individuals' decisions to have large families and/or consume a lot.

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A key factor in the creation of large families is young women without access to schools or family planning.

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So one way to address population growth is to educate and empower women.

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Good news. That's happening.

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In fact, the rate of population growth peaked back in the 1960s and has been falling ever since.

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What about consumption?

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Our global economy's toll in pollution and degradation of the environment remains high, though its focus has shifted around the globe.

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For example, the current uptick in Brazilian deforestation can be traced largely to exports of beef and soybeans to China.

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The conclusion of the Science paper: "contemporary economic growth is unsustainable."

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And true sustainability has to be long-term:

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it means ensuring that whatever decisions we make now do not lessen the ability of future generations to have at least as good a life as we enjoy today.

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We can't buy our way out of the problem.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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