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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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The Sahara desert isn't known for its greenery.

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But there's evidence it was once much lusher than today, dotted with water holes and lakes.

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Now a study suggests that three massive rivers used to plough through the desert too, cutting pathways north to the Mediterranean coast.

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Researchers used climate models to estimate rainfall more than 100,000 years ago.

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They found that ancient monsoons formed 400 miles north of where they do today, spilling rain on mountains in the central Sahara.

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That storm water would have drained north, powering three rivers the size of the Nile, and forming vast wetlands in what is now Libya.

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The westernmost river, referred to as the Irharhar, was the most likely path for migrants,

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and clusters of archaeological sites in Algeria and Tunisia back up that idea.

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The analysis is in the journal PLoS ONE.

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There's no telling whether humans made it to Europe by these routes.

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But the alternatives were travelling along Africa's west coast, or up the Nile,

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so these three ancient rivers would have offered a nice shortcut.

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Now, of course, the waterways are buried beneath the dunes, along with any footprints our ancestors may have left behind.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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