反馈建议 切换旧版 去做题 结束训练
全文精听 逐句精听
句间停顿： 关
  • 关
  • 1S
  • 3S
  • 5S
语速： x 1.0
  • 速度0.8X
  • 速度1.0X
  • 速度1.2X
  • 速度1.5X
  • 速度1.8X
  • 速度2X
始终显示原文
欢迎使用 KMF 精听精研
坚持练习精听，反复听、吃透每个句子，能够快速 提升听力能力
开始精听
或按 「 空格」开始播放

段落1

Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class,

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

when you see a mushroom growing in the forest, you\'re actually looking at just a small part of a much larger fungus。

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

underneath the mushroom, underground。

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

you\'ll find the rest of the fungus a network of thread like structures.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

These individual thread like structures are called hyphae。

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

and the network of these hyphae is called a mycelium.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

In some cases, my Celia can be huge structures weighing hundreds of tons.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

We\'ll go into more detail about them later this week, but for now, you have the basic idea.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Okay, back to the mushroom on the surface.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

The mushroom is the fruiting body of the fungus.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Its primary function is to produce and nourish spores.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Spores are to a fungus what seeds are to a plant.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

They\'re the reproductive bodies.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Spores are tiny, most of them consisting of just a single cell.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Now, if you knock a mushroom over and look at the under surface of the cap.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

it\'ll look something like this.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

The flat, thin structures that you see radiating out from the center are called gills.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

and it\'s deep inside these gills that the spores are produced.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Once the spores mature, they\'re released.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

and they fall down through the spaces between the gills and out into the air below the cap.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

where they can be carried away by the wind.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

hopefully to some location that\'ll give them at least some chance of surviving, of developing into a mature fungus.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Now, when the mushrooms in its normal upright position, the gills have a nearly perfect vertical orientation.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Why does that matter?

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Well, when the spores are released, gravity pulls them straight down.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

So if the gills didn\'t have this orientation.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

the spores would be forever bumping into them as they fell.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

And these spores are very sticky.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

so if they come into contact with the gills, they\'re going to stick to them.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

and they\'re never going to go anywhere.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Okay, so what do you think of the mushroom strategy, if you will, for dispersing its spores?

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Jennifer. It seems like a good system. You\'ve got a stock raising the cap above ground so the wind can get under it and carry the spores away.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

And you\'ve got these, like, tiny little spores that are really light, so it doesn\'t take a lot of wind to carry them.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Yes, the system looks well designed.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

but despite this seemingly efficient design, mushrooms have to produce millions, even billions, of spores.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Why so many?

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Well, it turns out that many spores are not carried very far.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

they land within a meter or so of the mushroom.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

but that\'s an area where, as we said, there\'s already a mycelium established underground.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

So that\'s not a suitable area for a new fungus to grow.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

and some of the spores get carried farther, but many of those land in inhospitable habitats. Oh, okay.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

but fungi that do not depend on the wind.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

that disperse their spores in other ways, can have a much higher success rate.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

For example, some of you may be familiar with truffles.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Some species of truffles are edible and considered delicacies.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

like the mushrooms we just discussed.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

A truffle is the fruiting body of certain species of fungi.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Unlike mushrooms, however, truffles grow underground.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

and the primary mechanism they use to disperse their spores is very different.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

You see, it\'s not just humans that like truffles.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

As a truffle spores mature, the truffle develops an aroma that attracts many kinds of animals.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

In fact, Europeans have for centuries been using pigs to locate and extract truffles.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Recently, they\'ve begun using dogs instead of pigs. As dogs are less intent on eating the truffles they find.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Also, most people would rather spend their time with dogs than with pigs.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Anyway, when a wild animal, say, a deer finds some truffles and eats them.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

The spores remain intact in its digestive system.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

The deer then walks on for a while, and at some point, it\'ll excrete waste from its digestive system, and the truffle spores will get deposited in that new location.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Yes, Eric.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

So how is that more efficient than the way mushrooms disperse their spores?

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Well, the deer carry the spores a nice distance away from the original truffle right.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

to habitats that are conducive to the growth of truffles, right?

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=

Whereas the wind might not pick up the spores at all, or might deposit them in like the middle of a Lake or something.

点击显示原文

隐藏原文=
[ < 空格 > ]
当前句 /
/
  • 段落1
  • 第 1 句
  • 第 2 句
  • 第 3 句
  • 第 4 句
  • 第 5 句
  • 第 6 句
  • 第 7 句
  • 第 8 句
  • 第 9 句
  • 第 10 句
  • 第 11 句
  • 第 12 句
  • 第 13 句
  • 第 14 句
  • 第 15 句
  • 第 16 句
  • 第 17 句
  • 第 18 句
  • 第 19 句
  • 第 20 句
  • 第 21 句
  • 第 22 句
  • 第 23 句
  • 第 24 句
  • 第 25 句
  • 第 26 句
  • 第 27 句
  • 第 28 句
  • 第 29 句
  • 第 30 句
  • 第 31 句
  • 第 32 句
  • 第 33 句
  • 第 34 句
  • 第 35 句
  • 第 36 句
  • 第 37 句
  • 第 38 句
  • 第 39 句
  • 第 40 句
  • 第 41 句
  • 第 42 句
  • 第 43 句
  • 第 44 句
  • 第 45 句
  • 第 46 句
  • 第 47 句
  • 第 48 句
  • 第 49 句
  • 第 50 句
  • 第 51 句
  • 第 52 句
  • 第 53 句
  • 第 54 句
  • 第 55 句
  • 第 56 句
  • 第 57 句
  • 第 58 句
  • 第 59 句
  • 第 60 句
  • 第 61 句
  • 第 62 句

+ 创建收藏夹
保存 取消