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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Warmer, more acidic oceans are already damaging corals in the South Pacific.

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But the corals also have more visible foes: such as crown-of-thorns sea stars.

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"It's an underwater swarm of locusts with a stomach that can be turned wrong side out and digest you as it walks across."

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Mark Hay, a marine ecologist at Georgia Tech.

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"You just look in front of them and there's good corals, and you look behind them and there's these white skeletons."

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Hay says the corals in Fiji's marine protected areas are particularly vulnerable to attack.

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So he and his colleague Cody Clements took a closer look at the underwater ecosystem there.

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And they discovered something weird.

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Neighboring seaweeds usually compete for resources with corals to the point where they will whip corals with their fronds and poison them with toxins.

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But the researchers found that, in this case, the seaweeds were saving the corals, blocking the marauding sea stars.

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"And so these competitors were really acting as kind of bodyguards for the corals, once things got bad."

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Hay and Clements replicated those observations in underwater experiments, in which even fake seaweed did the trick, suggesting that seaweed is simply passively blocking the predators.

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The findings appear in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

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The marine reserves in Fiji are relatively small.

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And they border lots of degraded reefs, which Hay suspects are playgrounds for baby sea stars.

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When the stars get older and hungrier, he says, pristine corals are right next door.

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"They kind of act like little piles of candy that you put out in the kindergarten.

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Everybody just recruits to them, and eats them quickly."

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The reserves don't have much seaweed, either, so the coral lack their bodyguards, except for an interested human:

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"In one of the villages there's a guy that's particularly supportive of the marine protected area named Aquila.

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And he has sort of a floating wheelbarrow, and he goes out every now and then and fills it up with crown-of-thorns starfish and he comes back and builds a fire and burns them, on the shore, to keep them from regenerating."

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This study suggests Aquila's system of killing the starfish to save the coral is on the right track.

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And Hay says his aggressive management style might be worth emulating elsewhere in Fiji: to ensure that marine protected areas still have something to protect in years to come.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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