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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Mmmm, chips.

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One of the most sublime of salty snacks.

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But have you ever wondered how they get that perfectly salty sheen on the outside?

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"Salt is sprayed on the surface."

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Youngsoo Lee is a food engineer at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign.

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And he says not all salty foods are created equal.

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There's spray-on surface salt.

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There's salty liquids, like canned soup.

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And then there are salty solids, where the sodium is dissolved in a matrixlike structure.

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Think: salamis and cheeses.

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But when we eat those salty solids, only a fraction of the salt gets released before we swallow.

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Meaning a lot of that salt has no effect on taste, but a big effect on our daily salt intake.

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Lee's investigating that salty-solid conundrum for a company that wants to make cold cuts that taste the same but contain less salt.

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He couldn't tell me which one.

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"Um...I mean, it's a fairly big U.S.-based food company."

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To find a salty solution he and his colleagues created blocks of whey protein with various proportions of fat, water and salt.

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Then they squashed those tofulike blocks underwater, to measure how much sodium the blocks released.

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Turns out, the bigger and more numerous the pores within the blocks' protein structure the more salt that was released.

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The study is in the Journal of Food Science.

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Lee didn't actually have taste-testers sample different types of pore-filled blocks, that's next.

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But previous studies have shown that airier, fluffier breads do indeed taste saltier to testers.

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And there's one other trick this study uncovered: solid foods release more of their embedded salt over time.

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So next time you're about to ask for the salt, why not just spend a little more time chewing instead?

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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