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段落1

NARRATOR

Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.

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旁白:听生物课的部分讲座。

段落2

FEMALE PROFESSOR

For today's discussion, we'll review the case study on how some animals have behaviorally adapted to their environments.

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教授:在开始今天的讨论前,我们先回顾一下动物是如何在行为上适应他们环境的案例研究。

Now you had to read about two animal species,:the Eastern marmot and the Olympic marmot.

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现在大家来了解一下这两类动物:东部土拨鼠的和奥林匹克山土拔鼠。

Marmots are rodents... they're large ground squirrels about the size of an average house cat, and they live in a variety of habitats.

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土拔鼠属于啮齿动物,它们是大型的地松鼠,体形有一般家猫那样大,它们栖息在不同的地方。

And even though they spend the significant portion of the year hibernating, according to this case study, marmots are still considered excellent subjects for animal behavioral studies. Why is that?

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即便据案例研究的材料显示,虽然它们花相当多的时间冬眠,土拔鼠仍然被视为动物行为研究的绝佳对象。为什么会这样呢?

段落3

MALE STUDENT

Well, when they're not hibernating, you can find them in open areas, and they're pretty active during the day, which makes them easy to observe, right? [rising tone]

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是这样的,在非冬眠时期,你会在空旷地区看到它们。它们白天很活跃,这样发现它们就不是难事了,对吧?

段落4

FEMALE PROFESSOR

[encouraging tone] Unh huh. So, first let's discuss the eastern marmots.

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啊哈,我们首先讨论一下东部的土拔鼠。

They reside throughout the eastern region of North America where there's a temperate climate, where the growing season lasts for at least five months of the year... which is when they do all their mating, playing, and eating.

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它们的“住所”遍布北美东部地区,这里气候温和,全年有五个月以上的生长期,在这段时间里它们会进行交配,玩耍和觅食。

段落5

MALE STUDENT

Oh, I see... at first, I wasn't sure what 'growing season' meant just from the reading, but now I get it.

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哦,了解。一开始仅凭阅读材料我并不知道生长期是什么意思,但我现在知道了。

It's the amount of time it takes for them to grow, right? [rising tone]

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是它们用来生长的一段时间,对吧?

So it would be five months?

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那就应该是五个月吧?

段落6

FEMALE PROFESSOR

Hm? Ohh, I'm sorry but no, It has nothing to do with that.

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嗯?哦,呃…恐怕不是的,跟这个没有关系。

It's not about the time it takes for Eastern marmots to grow,It's when the food is available.

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不是跟东部土拔鼠用在生长的时间有关,而是跟什么时候有食物有关。

That is--when it’s not covered in snow and there's no frost covering the grass, and um vegetative parts of uh, plants, herbs, and the flowers that marmots like to eat.

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那时,地上没有冰雪覆盖,草木也没有结霜,嗯,土拔鼠喜欢吃的植物嫩芽和花蕾开始生长。

So, 'growing season' refers to the availability of the food they eat. Ok?

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所以,生长期指的是它们所吃食物的可获得性,是不是?

So now how would you describe the Eastern marmots'social habits?

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那么,你们如何描述东部土拔鼠的社会习性?

段落7

FEMALE STUDENT

Well, they are really territorial, and loners, and just so aggressive even with other Eastern marmots.

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它们的区域所属感很强,而且独来独往,同时即便是与同类相处也表现出非常强的侵略性。

And their mating ritual is just so... impersonal.

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还有,它们用情并不专一。

段落8

FEMALE PROFESSOR

[agreement] Uh huh.

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啊哈?

Now when they emerge in the spring from hibernation, the mating process begins.

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春天,当它们从冬眠中醒来出来活动时,交配过程就开始了。

For them, well, they come together to mate and then they go their separate ways.

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它们聚到一块交配,随后各奔东西。

Then about six to eight weeks after birth, the offspring leave their mothers.

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产仔后的六到八周,小土拔鼠们离开鼠妈妈。

段落9

FEMALE STUDENT

Really? Just six weeks?

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不会吧?就六周?

Is it possible for the offspring to make it on their own so young? [concerned]

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鼠宝宝那么小能独自存活吗?

段落10

FEMALE PROFESSOR

Well, it's not as if they aren't ready for the real world because they are.

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并不是因为它们太小而不能适应现实世界。

Remember, they mature quickly and the weather's nice.

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记住,它们成熟很快,而且天气也不错。

Also they live in open fields where there is lots of edible vegetation.

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此外,它们住在盛产可食植被的空旷地区。

So roughly six weeks after birth, eastern marmots are just old enough to take their chances of surviving in a temperate environment. [pause]

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所以,大概出生后六周,东部土拔鼠能长到足以在这温暖的环境中生存。

So how does this relate to their behavior?

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那么,这又跟它们的行为有什么关系呢?

段落11

FEMALE STUDENT

Oh, I get it.

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哦,我明白了。

Since the climate's not too bad, the Eastern marmots don't have to rely on each other too much and they really don't need to stay together as a family to survive either.

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因为气候还不错,东部土拔鼠没必要过于相互依赖,也没有必要以家庭为单位而存在。

段落12

FEMALE PROFESSOR

Uh huh. And in contrast... the Olympic marmots... what about them?

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啊哈。对比起来,那些奥利匹斯山土拔鼠呢?

段落13

FEMALE STUDENT

Well, they live together as a family and take care of their young until they are at least two years old.

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它们以家庭为单位过着群居生活,同时照顾幼鼠直到它们长到两岁。

They're really friendly with each other, and what I really like is that they even have greeting ceremonies and they're not at all aggressive and territorial like the eastern marmots.

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它们之间关系融洽,我很看好的一点是它们见面还有招呼“礼节”,此外,它们一点都不好斗,地域所属感也不强,这两点跟东部土拔鼠是大相径庭的。

So their social behavior is so different from Eastern marmots because of the climate where they live?

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难道气候造成了它们迥异的社会习性?

That seems so bizarre.

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这种看法很是荒谬。

段落14

FEMALE PROFESSOR

Well, the Olympic marmots inhabit meadows high in the Olympic Mountains where the weather conditions are much harsher so there is a lot more wind and snow.

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事实上,奥林匹斯松土拔鼠栖息的草地在奥林匹克山脉的高地,那里的气候条件要恶劣得多,风雪也比东部多。

The growing season only lasts about two to three months.

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生长期只持续两到三月。

So in that much shorter period of time, all the Olympic marmots, male and female, eat, play, work and nurture the young together.

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在那相对短得多的时间里,所有的奥林匹斯松土拔鼠,不分雄雌,觅食,玩耍,劳作和养育幼鼠。

Because the climate is so harsh, cooperation increases the survival rate of the Olympic marmots.

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因为气候恶劣,协作能提高奥林匹斯松土拔鼠的存活率。

They keep their young at home until they are physically able to survive on their own.

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它们抚育幼鼠直到幼鼠能自食其力。

This could explain why the social behavior of the Olympic marmots is so unlike that of the Eastern marmots.

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这能解释为什么奥林匹斯松土拔鼠的社会习性和东部土拔鼠的(社会习性)如此不同。
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