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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Winter is high time for humidifiers.

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Because dry air can irritate your throat.

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But a new study finds that arid conditions might have influenced the development of the very languages that some people speak.

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"Extensive research on human physiology suggests that really dry air makes it hard for us to use our vocal cords very precisely."

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Caleb Everett, an anthropological linguistics professor at the University of Miami.

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He and his colleagues recently investigated that dry-throat-phenomenon in regards to complex tonal languages, like Cantonese,

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where various combinations of rising and falling tones can actually change the meaning of a word, as opposed to non-tonal languages, like English or Italian.

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In the non-tonals, the fundamental meaning is the same, whether I say "word" "word" or "word."

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By mapping the distribution of more than 3,700 tonal and non-tonal languages,

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Everett and his colleagues found that tonal languages tend to cluster in warm, humid areas.

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And they're 10 times less prevalent in dry, subfreezing climes, like Siberia, compared with non-tonal languages.

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The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Of course, it's physically possible to speak a tonal language in a cold place.

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"Obviously speakers of Cantonese for instance can communicate in Siberia and other dry places."

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The big picture, Everett says, is that language evolves in relation to where it's spoken.

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"Language does not evolve.

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It is not impervious to the effects of environment.

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Just as ecologies impact human behavior and the adaptive processes of human cultures in myriad ways, they seem to also influence the ways in which languages develop."

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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