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This is Scientific American - 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

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We humans sometimes use a memory technique called chunking.

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For example, with phone numbers we usually remember the three-digit chunk and the four-digit chunk.

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Two items instead of seven.

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"Well, the way I think about chunking is it's any short cutting strategy or mnemonic device

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that would allow an animal, be it human or otherwise, to increase their memory capacity and improve recall.

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" Mikel Delgado, an animal behaviorist now at U.C. Davis.

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"And so in the case of the research I was doing in this study,

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I wanted to know if squirrels would basically arrange their nuts in a way that might facilitate either recall of the location

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or recaching and redistribution of those nuts later,

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making it more convenient for them to remember where nuts were stored-

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because they stored nuts of a similar type or value in similar locations spatially."

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Delgado looked for this spatial chunking among 45 fox squirrels on the campus of U.C. Berkeley, where she got her doctorate in August.

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"So we gave each squirrel 16 nuts...our each of four different types...so the types were almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts and pecans."

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"And so we'd give the squirrel the first nut, they'd go bury it.

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We would follow them from a distance until they had finished caching, or burying it. We recorded the GPS location where they'd buried the nut.

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And then we lured them back to the original location where they received the first nut to give them the second nut.

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And so we did that every single time."

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"And so the other location condition was basically a lot faster and easier

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where we gave the squirrel the first nut, they buried it,

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and then we gave them the second nut right where they buried the first one."

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And when the squirrels got all their nuts from a central location, they spatially chunked them:

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"So they would actually cache nuts that were the same species in distinct areas from nuts of a different species...

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so the take home message I think for me is really that just like physical traits have evolved,

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I believe that cognitive traits have evolved as well.

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And a memory process that's very common in humans, this chunking, is a strategy that works for other species."

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The study is in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

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Why the critters did not spatially chunk when they received nuts in different locations is not clear.

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To do so might have been too energetically costly.

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It's also possible that it's beyond their cognitive capacity-

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although anyone who has tried to squirrel-proof a bird feeder knows that squirrels have a lot of cognitive capacity.

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Thanks for listening the Scientific American - 60-Second Science Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

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