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段落1

NARRATOR

Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.

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段落2

FEMALE PROFESSOR

So, of course, many animals live in groups with others of their species.

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And there are benefits to living together in groups...

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it can help animals survive...

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but there are also certain disadvantages.

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So today we're going to talk about two disadvantages of living in groups for animals.

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One disadvantage is that animals that live in groups may be more visible to predators.

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If there's a big group of animals,

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predators are more likely to spot them than they would an individual animal on its own.

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So, sometimes, animals in groups may be more vulnerable to being captured by predators.

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For instance, sardines...

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really small fish...

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swim in groups, and other, larger ocean animals, like some kinds of whales, eat them.

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So, while a whale probably wouldn't notice one sardine,

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it'd see a group of sardines very easily and thus be able to capture them for food.

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段落3

Another disadvantage has to do with caring for the young.

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In a large group, there are a lot of young animals around, and it can be difficult for animals to find or identify their own young...

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and they may end up taking care of other animals' young instead.

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So their own young may not get the care they need.

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For example, some bats live in caves,

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and with one type of bat,

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millions of them live together in the same cave...

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and with young bats so crowded together in the cave that

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it's sometimes hard for a mother bat to find her babies.

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So when a mother bat returns from finding food to feed her babies,

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she might end up feeding the babies of another mother bat...

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meaning her own babies don't get fed.

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