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段落1

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Wayt Gibbs. Got a minute?

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(Mosquito buzzing sound)

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Aha, got 'im!

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Yes, the mosquitos are swarming this time of year.

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Alaskans joke that the bloodsucker is their state bird.

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But have you ever looked closely at a swarm of mating mosquitos, gnats, or midges?

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It's a curious thing.

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The swarm maintains a kind of shape as it moves around.

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But the bugs inside it seem to flit about randomly rather than flocking like birds.

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This collective, yet disordered, flight intrigued physicists in Rome.

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They shot ultraslow-motion video of swarming midges.

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Then they mapped the flight of each midge, and did a mathematical analysis of the collective behavior.

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Their finding: the motion of the midges is not random.

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The bugs stay far enough apart to avoid locking into a formation.

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The swarm instead expands as needed to stay just below the threshold density.

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The work appears on the site arXiv.org.

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Flocks and schools move in formation only once the group reaches a critical density.

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Below that threshold, the individuals move, well, like midges.

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Insect avoidance of full-fledged flocking may be a reproductive strategy:

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after all, it's hard to mingle when you're stuck in a line dance.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Wayt Gibbs.

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