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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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Too little salt makes for a bland meal.

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But too much is offensively briny.

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Now, scientists have discovered why too much tastes bad.

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The work is in journal Nature.

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As the previous podcast noted, the cells that process taste send a unique signal to the brain for each kind of flavor.

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The signals for sweet and umami make animals crave more, while sour and bitter are often rejected.

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But saltiness is appealing in low doses and aversive at high levels.

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The researchers found out why:

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too much salt activates the cells that sense sourness and bitterness, sending unpleasant signals to the brain and transforming a tasty bite into a turn-off.

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The study used mice unable to taste sourness, bitterness, or both.

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Animals that could still sense one of the flavors rejected overly salty water.

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But mice unable to taste sour and bitter were happy to lick up liquid that was far too briny for normal animals.

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With salt being a variable flavor, our bodies can better keep its levels within a healthful range.

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And leave a good taste in the mouth.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwic.

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