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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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De-extinction.

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What if plants and animal species wiped out of existence could be brought back?

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That's the novel notion springing from recent advances in synthetic biology.

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The idea is simple.

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Find samples, like the mummified passenger pigeon discovered recently in a museum desk drawer, and collect its DNA.

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Compare said DNA to that of its closest living relatives to see what specific genes make a passenger pigeon unique.

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Then splice those crucial genes into the living relative's DNA strands to produce a genetic copy of the extinct animal.

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Resurrection.

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The restoration potential is not limited to plants and animals that we have just recently eliminated.

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We could also potentially bring back species like woolly mammoths or saber-tooth cats.

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Not dinosaurs though, since DNA has a half-life of just 521 years or so.

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Of course, successfully bringing back the mammoth might also require restoration of its habitat,

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so it has a home to roam.

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But even without the reappearance of charismatic megafauna, such techniques will find uses from agriculture to injecting a bit more genetic diversity into dwindling populations of endangered species.

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The biggest contribution of the new biotechnology may not be de-extinction, but preventing extinction in the first place.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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