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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Plants thrive all over the planet, despite the fact that many animals love to snack on them.

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Various hypotheses account for all those plants.

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One is that predators kill enough plant-eating animals to give vegetation a chance.

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Another is that plants develop physical and chemical means to defend themselves.

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Now researchers have teased out some of these factors in an East African savannah.

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The impala an African antelope eats grasses and trees and is itself eaten by wild dogs and leopards.

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Impala often munch on a tree called the acacia.

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Some acacia have thorns, and some don't.

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The researchers found that the impala perhaps not surprisingly prefer thorn-free acacia.

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Also, the animals avoid woody areas where predators are more likely to hide.

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And as a result, the thorn-free, vulnerable acacia are more plentiful in woody areas with plenty of predators.

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But the thorny acacia are more numerous on the open savannah, where they need to defend themselves.

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The study is in the journal Science.

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The researchers say their findings show that both plant defenses and carnivorous predators help plants thrive.

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They also say that when humans influence in part by eliminating large predators, we disrupt longstanding, complex systems.

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And that we should really try to better understand such systems, and our effects on them.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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