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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This'll just take a minute.

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Yeast.They already participate in producing some of the most popular pain-killing substances around: beer and wine.

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Now, scientists have engineered yeast that can also make one of the most powerful analgesics: morphine.

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Their work is in the journal Nature Chemical Biology.

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Opiates like morphine and codeine are essential for treating severe pain.

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But making these meds isn't easy.

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All are derived from opium poppies, and tens to hundreds of thousands of tons are needed to meet global needs.

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The crops can also be affected by climate, disease and even political turmoil in the countries where the plants are grown, which further limits commercial production.

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To get around these potential challenges, researchers have turned to yeast, an organism that can be grown easily on industrial scales.

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The scientists inserted into yeast cells a handful of genes isolated from the opium poppy.

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These genes encode the enzymes the plants use to produce opiates.

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After tweaking the system to adjust the relative amounts of the enzymes, the researchers could feed their yeast a precursor chemical called thebaine, and get pure morphine in return.

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The yeast can't yet make opiates from scratch.

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But with a bit more effort and a few more enzymes, yeast may produce painkillers that are prescription strength.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

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