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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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Flawless pearls are among the most symmetrical spheres with biological origins.

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But how do they get so round?

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Turns out they turn.

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Pearls form when mollusks such as oysters create so-called pearl sacs around intrusive pieces of grit.

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The sac coats the irritant with layers of smooth nacre, also known as mother-of-pearl.

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The growing pearl rotates itself,

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which allows the nacre to deposit evenly over its surface.

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By examining pearls under a fluorescence and a scanning electron microscope,

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researchers discovered that the surface actually has a saw-tooth texture.

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As the mollusk moves, the pearl is jostled to the next tiny tooth.

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The work is published in the journal Langmuir.

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A pearl's motion influences its nacre coverage, and thus its final shape.

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Depending on its surface pattern, it might turn in a single direction to create a drop or ring, or rotate more freely to form a sphere.

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If a defect prevents this motion,the final product will be shapeless.

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The resulting asymmetrical pearl is doomed to be booed. Roundly.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

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