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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson. Got a minute?

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The year is 774 A.D.

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A blast of energy from outer space hits Earth.

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No one alive then seems to have been aware of it.

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But the event was recorded--in the trees.

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Last year researchers announced that tree-ring data from 774 and 775 show a sudden spike in radioactive carbon 14.

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The uptick points to a burst of charged particles or high-energy radiation that struck Earth.

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But what caused it?

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One suggestion is that a supernova could be the culprit.

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And medieval texts do record the appearance of a "red crucifix" glowing in the night sky, although the timing is uncertain.

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Another astrophysical possibility is a short gamma-ray burst,

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researchers report in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

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Short gamma-ray bursts occur when super-dense objects--say, two neutron stars--merge, giving off a quick blast of radiation.

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As long as it was a few thousand light-years away, a short gamma-ray burst in the galaxy might not have caused great harm.

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And they don't glow much in visible light, so it's possible that no one would notice.

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One problem with the theory?

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Short gamma-ray bursts appear to be extremely rare in our galaxy.

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On second thought, that's probably a good thing.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson.

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