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Listen to a conversation between a student and her engineering professor

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In class today, when we were talking about working with metal heating up metal。

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you mentioned something about a vacuum furnace.

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So I guess that works by.

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They\'re designed to operate at very high temperatures without losing heat.

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The vacuum acts as an insulator to maintain the heat.

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because heat requires matter to travel through.

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But vacuums are empty of matter. Right?

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Which reminded me that other furnaces lose heat.

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so the calculations that I\'ve brought to show you.

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they might need to be redone in my design project, I didn\'t account for heat loss.

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Well, I\'ll look at what you\'ve done.

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but it is something you\'ll need to account for.

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unless your project includes a vacuum furnace.

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It doesn\'t. I actually didn\'t know there were such things as vacuum furnaces.

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though it makes sense. I guess that a vacuum would be good insulation.

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Right, it’s like those vacuum sealed thermoses that keep your coffee hot.

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You\'re familiar with them, right?

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Sure. Without a medium like a solid liquid or gas.

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heat can\'t travel if a container with a hot liquid is surrounded by a vacuum.

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there\'s no medium for heat to travel through.

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so the drink stays hot.

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But it does get cold after a few hours though.

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if heat can\'t move through empty space, why does that happen?

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Well, in your thermos, the area around the top, the part that screws off that area, probably isn\'t vacuum sealed.

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the coffee would get cold eventually, even if you never opened it.

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Plus, vacuum technology isn\'t flawless.

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It\'s almost impossible to create a perfect vacuum.

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Almost impossible?

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In the best lab setting you can get pretty close.

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But speaking of that.

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recent experiments have shown that there is a way for heat to transfer on a small scale, even inside a vacuum.

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in completely empty space. How does that work?

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It\'s a bit too complicated to get into right now.

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but the idea of heat traveling through a vacuum.

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a lot of engineers are puzzled.

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It\'s not what we learned in school about heat transfer.

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Yeah, I\'m taking physics right now.

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but we haven\'t talked much about heat, yet.

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we\'ve talked about how sound can\'t travel in a vacuum.

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That\'s why you don\'t hear sound in outer space.

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Does the discovery about heat have implications for sound travel as well?

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Huh, very good question. Experiments seem to show that.

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just like heat, sound might be able to travel on a very, very small scale in an empty space.

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You know, I think I\'ll hold on to the work I was going to show you and start over.

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I want to think about it some more.

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I\'ve got some new ideas.

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