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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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The human voice is capable of forming a plethora of incredibly different sounds.

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So many, in fact, that each individual language contains only a subset of potential sound units, or phonemes.

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What factors determine whether a phoneme enters common use, or is relegated to silence?

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It turns out, geography may play a role.

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One phoneme that occurs in only about 20 percent of the world's languages is the ejective consonant, such as p' or k'.

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Caleb Everett, an anthropologist at the University of Miami, decided to map where this sound occurs.

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He took a sample of 567 languages spoken around the world, and compared the locations and altitudes of those that either contained or ignored ejective consonants.

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Everett discovered that languages that included ejective consonants were generally spoken at a higher elevation than those that did not.

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His research is in the journal PLOS ONE.

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Everett suggests that the sounds are more popular at altitude because lower air pressure may make it easier to produce the burst of air that is a key characteristic of ejective consonants.

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Which is P-retty C-ool.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

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