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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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Ladybugs love to snack on aphids and other pests.

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So people began importing an Asian species called the harlequin ladybird as natural pest control.

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But in their new environments, the harlequins wiped out native ladybugs.

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And they have their parasites to thank.

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That's according to research in the journal Science.

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A parasite called microsporidia lies dormant in the circulatory systems of harlequin ladybirds.

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But when scientists injected microsporidia into a common European ladybug species, the insects died within two weeks.

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When the ladybugs were injected with dead microsporidia or a control substance most survived.

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Harlequin ladybirds' immune systems, on the other hand, have learned to deal with microsporidia,

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which lets the insects use them as biological weapons.

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Because one way ladybugs compete is by consuming the eggs and larvae of rival species.

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When European ladybug species eat the harlequin ladybird eggs and larvae, they also consume the microsporidia.

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And die.

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The discovery demonstrates an important role of immunity in evolutionary selection.

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And it shows that there are many ways to lose a food fight.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

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