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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I 'm Evelyn Lamb. Got a minute?

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A nice glass of sake might not make you think of your dog.

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But both are the result of long domestication processes.

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Humans have domesticated an awful lot of organisms, from pets to grains to the fungus that breaks down starches in the production of sake, soy sauce and miso.

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To learn more about microbe domestication,

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a research team compared the genome of Aspergillus oryzae, the fungus responsible for Japanese cuisine,

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with that of its wild relative Aspergillus flavus.

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The wild child is a problem.

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It makes grains rot and can produce aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen.

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The destructive fungus shares 99.5 percent of its genome with its miso-making cousin.

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The tiny differences in the genomes suggest that selection during breeding affected genes related to the fungus' metabolism.

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In contrast, plant and animal domestication usually targets developmental processes:

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fruits get juicier, chickens grow bigger breasts, and grains lose their hard outer casings.

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Thanks to the early sake makers who selected as they did,

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we can enjoy the byproducts of this microbe's metabolism today. Kanpai!

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I 'm Evelyn Lamb .

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