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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. This'll just take a minute.

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Many animals use sounds to convey information.

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(Sound of wolf howl)

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Humans use particular vocal labels for objects and for people.

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We call these words, and names.

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A few creatures, such as dolphins and parrots, can learn specific vocal labels.

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And wild dolphins are known to have particular, individual signature whistles.

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Scientists at Scotland's St.Andrews University wanted to know: can these whistles be used as labels?

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The researchers analyzed sounds from dolphins off Scotland's east coast, and extracted these signature whistles.

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Then they altered the sounds so the calls wouldn't sound exactly like the originating dolphin.

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They played those sounds back to the dolphins, along with whistles from dolphins familiar to the animals and whistles from strangers.

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When the dolphins heard their own signature whistle, they routinely responded with that same sound.

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That reaction only happened twice when they heard sounds from their pals and not at all when they heard the alien dolphin.

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The research is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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The researchers think dolphin signature whistles serve as self-identification, and maybe even as a label for addressing each other, just like a name.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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